Setup & running kubernetes
In this series of small articles, I’ll install & configure a Kubernetes cluster with a master and a few nodes, and set up a few applications experiments.
I’ll only work with Centos 7 systems.
Installing Kubernetes
The kubernetes installation is mostly similar for both master & workers nodes, with some light differences at the end of the process.
On both Master & Worker nodes
The following tasks must be made on all nodes:
- Upgrade all system packages;
- Disable swap;
- Enable bridge firewall rules;
- Install docker-ce and its requirements;
- Install kubernetes' repository & kubernetes.
Upgrade all system packages
As usual, prior to any new installation, make sure your system is updated.
$ yum clean all && yum upgrade -y
Disable selinux & swap
Swap & selinux must be disabled prior installing kubernetes
$ setenforce 0
$ sed -i 's/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/' /tmp/config
A reboot is likely required to take changes in effect permanently.
$ sed -i '/ swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab
$ swapoff -a
Enable bridge firewall rules
$ modprobe br_netfilter
$ echo '1' > /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables
Install docker-ce & its requirements
It is strongly recommended to not use the docker from the Centos repository as it can be quite old & doesn’t handle the required features for the kubernetes. Add its official repository & install it:
$ yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
$ yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
$ yum install -y docker-ce
$ systemctl enable docker-ce
$ systemctl start docker-ce
Install kubernetes' repository & kubernetes
Prepare a repo file for Kubernetes repository & install kubernetes to complete kubernetes installation. There is no need to start it, just enable it in systemd for now.
$ cat > /etc/yum.repo.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
$ yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
$ systemctl enable kubelet
Once you’ve installed kubernetes, you’re mostly good to go. You now need to do only master-only initialization & slave-only join commands.
On Master nodes only
On master nodes, you need to initialize the kubernetes cluster & install the network layer
$ kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
Note that the –pod-network-cidr argument is required because the network' stack we will use, flannel, requires it.
Write down the join command, or store the join token. The given token has a 24h TTL, but you are still able to generate new ones using kubeadm token commands:
$ kubeadm token create
e7wy7h.62br9mqdsztr0t1g
$ kubeadm token list
TOKEN TTL EXPIRES USAGES DESCRIPTION EXTRA GROUPS
e7wy7h.62br9mqdsztr0t1g 23h 2019-05-16T14:06:24+02:00 authentication,signing <none> system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
Once initialized, you must prepare your user to be able to connect the cluster
$ mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
$ sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
$ sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
And finally, install the network layer as kubernetes does not have one by default. I’ll use coreos’s flannel for now:
$ kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
On Worker nodes only
To join the cluster, reuse the given token on each nodes:
$ kubectl join --token=<given token> --discovery-token-unsafe-skip-ca-verification --master-ip=<master ip>
If joining the cluster is successfull, you’ll be able to see its status using the kubectl get nodes command on the master:
$ kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
kub0 Ready master 29d v1.14.1
kub1 Ready <none> 29d v1.14.1
kub2 Ready <none> 29d v1.14.1
kub3 Ready <none> 29d v1.14.1
kub4 Ready <none> 29d v1.14.1
kub5 Ready <none> 29d v1.14.1
You are able to check too if all system pods are up & running:
$ kubectl get -A pods
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-system coredns-fb8b8dccf-ck9vb 1/1 Running 9 30d
kube-system coredns-fb8b8dccf-wf6vn 1/1 Running 10 30d
kube-system etcd-kub0 1/1 Running 3 30d
kube-system kube-apiserver-kub0 1/1 Running 8 30d
kube-system kube-controller-manager-kub0 1/1 Running 11 30d
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-amd64-58bzx 1/1 Running 3 30d
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-amd64-6js9j 1/1 Running 4 30d
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-amd64-7c2rv 1/1 Running 3 30d
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-amd64-qgjtn 1/1 Running 3 30d
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-amd64-wckr2 1/1 Running 4 30d
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-amd64-z2vc4 1/1 Running 6 30d
kube-system kube-proxy-7ssr5 1/1 Running 4 30d
kube-system kube-proxy-8fc2c 1/1 Running 3 30d
kube-system kube-proxy-9lvvb 1/1 Running 3 30d
kube-system kube-proxy-cfw7m 1/1 Running 4 30d
kube-system kube-proxy-jvtrr 1/1 Running 3 30d
kube-system kube-proxy-pdm6h 1/1 Running 4 30d
kube-system kube-scheduler-kub0 1/1 Running 12 30d
You’ll be done if all nodes are in the Ready state.